Dr Christopher Infection For Chlamydia

New Treatment For Chlamydia

University of Waterloo

Summary:

Researchers have developed a new way to prevent and treat Chlamydia, the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the world.

Researchers at the University of Waterloo have developed a new way to prevent and treat Chlamydia, the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the world.

The new treatment differs from the traditional anti-biotic treatment as it is a type of gene therapy that is delivered via nanotechnology and is showing a 65 per cent success rate in preventing chlamydia infection on a single dose.

“As antibiotic resistance continues to develop, people may experience Chlamydia infections that cannot be treated through conventional means, which is causing increasing public health challenges,” said Emmanuel Ho, a professor at Waterloo’s School of Pharmacy. “If left untreated or if treatment takes an extended period of time it can lead to infertility and other reproductive issues so finding new ways to treat this common infection is important.

“As the Food and Drug Administration in the United States has recently approved the first siRNA-based drug for market, we’re hopeful this kind of research will be able to be widely available in the future.”

“By targeting PDGFR-beta we’re able to stop the creation of the protein that Chlamydia will use to enter genital tract skin cells,” said Ho. “As a result, an incoming infection has fewer targets to latch onto and infection is less likely to occur.”

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Who To Test For Chlamydia

Anyone with the following genital symptoms should not have sex until they see a healthcare provider:

• A burning sensation when peeing
• Unusual sores, or a rash

Because chlamydia usually has no symptoms, screening is necessary to identify most infections. Screening programs can reduce rates of adverse sequelae in women.31,41 CDC recommends yearly chlamydia screening of all sexually active women younger than 25. CDC also recommends screening for older women with risk factors, such as new or multiple partners, or a sex partner who has a sexually transmitted infection.40 Screen and treat those who are pregnant as noted in How does chlamydia affect a pregnant person and their baby? Women who are sexually active should discuss their risk factors with a healthcare provider to determine if more frequent screening is necessary.

Routine screening is not necessary for men. However, consider screening sexually active young men in clinical settings with a high prevalence of chlamydia. This can include adolescent clinics, correctional facilities, and STD clinics. Consider this when resources permit and do not hinder screening efforts in women.40

At the initial HIV care visit, providers should test all sexually active people for chlamydia. Test at least each year during HIV care. A patients healthcare provider might determine more frequent screening is necessary, based on the patients risk factors.42

What Will Happen If Chlamydia Infections Is Ignored So Long

Trachoma of the eye. Progression of trachoma. Trachoma, an infection of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Trachoma is a bacterial infection that affects your eyes

If you are thinking hard to know about how is chlamydia transmitted then the only answer is via sexual contact. Unfortunately, the side effects of Chlamydia over male infertility are generally underestimated. But it is observed that this infection can damage sperm and may also lead to some serious or non curable reproductive disorder like permanent infertility.

Males that are suffering with Chlamydia use to have DNA level 3 times higher than its normal amount in DNA. It clearly means that the genetic material is not perfectly packed inside and it is more susceptible to breakage.

Structure of Mycoplasma cell. the bacterium is the causative agent of sexually transmitted diseases, pneumoniae, atypical pneumonia and other respiratory disorders. unaffected by many antibiotics.

Mycoplasma is also similar kind of disease and it is also transferred with sexual contact both these diseases can have direct effect on sperm production in male body. Once a person gets infected with Chlamydia then his rate of abnormal sperm reproduction gets increased up to 80% and it has about 10% lesser mobility inside body when compared with normal peers.

Other than this, male Chlamydia patients are observed to experience urethritis, conjunctivitis and rheumatological conditions along with reactive arthritis issues.

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Ophthalmia Neonatorum Caused By C Trachomatis

A chlamydial etiology should be considered for all infants aged 30 days who experience conjunctivitis, especially if the mother has a history of chlamydial infection. These infants should receive evaluation and age-appropriate care and treatment.

Preventing Ophthalmia Neonatorum Caused by C. trachomatis

Neonatal ocular prophylaxis with erythromycin, the only agent available in the United States for this purpose, is ineffective against chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum . As an alternative, prevention efforts should focus on prenatal screening for C. trachomatis, including

Neonates born to mothers for whom prenatal chlamydia screening has been confirmed and the results are negative are not at high risk for infection.

Diagnostic Considerations

Treatment

Erythromycin base or ethylsuccinate 50 mg/kg body weight/day orally, divided into 4 doses daily for 14 days*

* An association between oral erythromycin and azithromycin and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis has been reported among infants aged < 6 weeks. Infants treated with either of these antimicrobials should be followed for IHPS signs and symptoms.

Although data regarding use of azithromycin for treating neonatal chlamydial infection are limited, available data demonstrate that a short therapy course might be effective . Topical antibiotic therapy alone is inadequate for treating ophthalmia neonatorum caused by chlamydia and is unnecessary when systemic treatment is administered.

Follow-Up

How Is Chlamydia Treated

Chlamydia can be cleared up with antibiotics in about a week or two. But dont stop taking your medication just because your symptoms improve. Ask your provider about what follow-up is needed to be sure your infection is gone after youve finished taking your medicine.

Part of your treatment should also include avoiding sexual activities that could cause you to get re-infected and ensuring that any sexual partners who may be infected also get treatment. You should:

• Abstain from sex until your infection has cleared up. Starting treatment doesnt mean that youre in the clear. Take all your medication as your provider directs, and avoid all sexual contact in the meantime.
• Contact all sexual partners. Tell any sexual partners from the last 3 months that youre infected so that they can get tested, too.
• Get tested for other STIs . Its common to have multiple STIs, and its important to receive treatment thats tailored to each infection.

Antibiotics can get rid of your infection, but they cant reverse any harm the bacteria may have caused to your body before treatment. This is why its so important to get screened regularly for chlamydia, to see your provider at the first sign of symptoms, and get treatment immediately if youre infected.

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Trachoma And Chlamydia Trachomatis

Trachoma is a bacterial infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis of the bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae. It is found primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa as well as to a lesser extent in Asia, Central and South America, and Australia. The symptoms are internally scarred eyelids, followed by eyelids turning inward, and if untreated this condition leads to the formation of irreversible corneal opacities and blindness . As an eye infection, trachoma is one of the earliest recorded eye diseases, having been identified by the 27th century BC . According to the WHO, although it is preventable, it is currently the leading cause of eye disease in the world, causing blindness in approximately 6 million and affecting the health of over 400 million worldwide .

1.2.1. Chlamydial Developmental Cycle

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Genome Copy Number Quantification

For determination of genome copy number, DNA was isolated from infected HeLa cells at the indicated conditions using the DNeasy kit and following manufacturers instructions. Reactions were prepared with PowerUp SYBR Green Master Mix and quantitative PCR was performed on a 7500 Real-Time PCR device . ompA was PCR amplified from C. trachomatis LGV-L2 genomic DNA using FompA_BamHI and RompA_SalI . PCR product was cloned into the BamHI/SalI site of pET24d and transformed into E. coli DH10B. pET24d_OmpA purified plasmid was quantified with Qubit and used to generate a standard curve. ompA copies were quantified using primers MOMP_F and MOMP_R . Cycling conditions were: 10 min at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 15 s and 60°C for 1 min.

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Ptr Is Expressed At Mid

Figure 4. Ptr is expressed at mid to late stages of C. trachomatis developmental cycle. Representative micrographs of HeLa cells infected with LGV-L2 at 18-24-30-48 hpi. Representative images of HeLa cells infected with LGV-L2 during IFN treatment and upon recovery from IFN-induced stress . Anti-Ptr shows Ptr expression and anti-IncA marks the boundaries of the inclusion membrane. Confocal images are depicted. Scale bars, 10 m.

To independently confirm secretion of Ptr, we carried out fractionation of HeLa cells infected with C. trachomatis LGV-L2 strains expressing Ptr-FLAG to separate bacterial cells from host cell lysate . As observed in Figure 5F, by immunoblot analysis the major Chlamydia outer membrane protein MOMP was only detected in the bacterial pellets, while Ptr-FLAG was detected both in the bacterial pellets and in the supernatants. Overall, these results lead us to postulate that a significant portion of Ptr is released from Chlamydia cells and localize to extra-bacterial particles within the inclusion lumen.

Immune Response To Infection

The presence of chlamydial EBs in the extracellular environment is readily recognized by components of the innate immune system . Toll-like receptors on all components of the innate immune system, including phagocytic cells and epithelial cells, especially TLR 2 and TLR 4, bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns on the surface of EBs and initiate the release of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as chemokines that attract immune cells to the site of infection . Following its invasion of the host cell cytoplasm, PAMPs on the newly incorporated EB are also recognized by the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 1 , resulting in additional proinflammatory gene activation . The phagocytosis of C. trachomatis and the subsequent expression of discrete antigens on the cell surface lead to T and B lymphocyte activation and the generation of chlamydial antigen-specific cell-mediated and humoral immunity . In a proportion of infected women, some organisms migrate to the uterus and fallopian tubes, where they utilize their unique characteristics to initiate a chronic infection. It should be noted that the immune responses that protect women against a C. trachomatis genital tract infection and prevent migration to the upper genital tract may not parallel findings from animal models and, thus, remain incompletely elucidated .

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Home Remedies For Chlamydia

There are several home remedies for chlamydia and a number of websites claim that these home remedies can cure chlamydia. While some of the home remedies have been shown to have antibacterial properties, antibiotics are the only proven cure for chlamydia. It isnt worth the risk of infertility or illness to not treat chlamydia.

If you experience symptoms, some of these home remedies may be effective for symptom relief, but they cannot cure the infection itself.

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What Happens During A Chlamydia Test

If youre a man, your health care provider may use a swab to take a sample from your urethra, but it is more likely that a urine test for chlamydia will be recommended. Urine tests can also be used for women. During a urine test, you will be instructed to provide a clean catch sample.

The clean catch method generally includes the following steps:

Advantages Disadvantages And Availability Of Select C Pneumoniae Diagnostic Methods

C. pneumoniae

1 Acceptable specimen types vary by system.

2 Culture can be performed at CDC but is not used for routine diagnostic purposes.

3 State and local departments of public health may also offer these diagnostic tests for the detection of C. pneumoniae.

4 CF is not recommended for diagnosis of acute C. pneumoniae infection because of cross-reactivity with other Chlamydia species and other enteric bacteria. Also, the sensitivity for detecting reinfection is low. Whole-inclusion fluorescence tests are also not species-specific and have not been widely evaluated. EIA is not a recommended diagnostic method because of low sensitivity and specificity.

5 MIF is the only species-specific antibody test available that can measure isotype-specific antibody titers to all Chlamydia species simultaneously. However, MIF testing is technically complex and interpretation is subjective.

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How Is Chlamydia Diagnosed

Diagnose chlamydia with nucleic acid amplification tests , cell culture, and other types of tests. NAATs are the most sensitive tests to use on easy-to-obtain specimens. This includes vaginal swabs or urine.43

To diagnose genital chlamydia in women using a NAAT, vaginal swabs are the optimal specimen. Urine is the specimen of choice for men. Urine is an effective alternative specimen type for women.43 Self-collected vaginal swab specimens perform as well as other approved specimens using NAATs.44 Patients may prefer self-collected vaginal swabs or urine-based screening to more invasive specimen collection.45 Adolescent girls may be good candidates for self-collected vaginal swab- or urine-based screening.

Diagnose rectal or pharyngeal infection by testing at the anatomic exposure site. While useful for these specimens, culture is not widely available. Additionally, NAATs have better sensitivity and specificity compared with culture for detecting C. trachomatis at non-genital sites.46-48 Most tests, including NAATs, are not FDA-cleared for use with rectal or pharyngeal swab specimens. NAATs have better sensitivity and specificity compared with culture for the detection of C. trachomatis at rectal sites.46-48 However, some laboratories have met set requirements and have validated NAAT testing on rectal and pharyngeal swab specimens.

How Long Can You Have Chlamydia Without Knowing

Chlamydia is sometimes called a silent infection because the majority of people who have chlamydia regardless of gender never notice symptoms. People who do notice symptoms often dont recognize the signs that they have chlamydia until a few weeks after theyve been infected. Because chlamydia cases are often asymptomatic, its easy to spread chlamydia to someone else without realizing it. And its easy to miss out on receiving the treatment needed to prevent the serious complications that can result from chlamydia.

Also Check: Can Chlamydia Leave On Its Own

Chlamydial Infection Among Adolescents And Adults

Chlamydial infection is the most frequently reported bacterial infectious disease in the United States, and prevalence is highest among persons aged 24 years . Multiple sequelae can result from C. trachomatis infection among women, the most serious of which include PID, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Certain women who receive a diagnosis of uncomplicated cervical infection already have subclinical upper genital tract infection.

Asymptomatic infection is common among both men and women. To detect chlamydial infection, health care providers frequently rely on screening tests. Annual screening of all sexually active women aged < 25 years is recommended, as is screening of older women at increased risk for infection . In a community-based cohort of female college students, incident chlamydial infection was also associated with BV and high-risk HPV infection . Although chlamydia incidence might be higher among certain women aged 25 years in certain communities, overall, the largest proportion of infection is among women aged < 25 years .

How Do Doctors Test For Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease that can infect both men and women. It can create significant, long-term damage to a ladys reproductive system. How Do Doctors Test For Chlamydia

This can make it challenging or difficult for her to obtain expectant later on. Chlamydia can likewise create a potentially fatal ectopic maternity a pregnancy that happens outside the womb.

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Why Is It So Important To Use A Condom With Iselin Guttormsen

Iselin Guttormsen talks freely and openly about women’s health and sexuality through her own channels, and works to change attitudes towards the female body. In collaboration with Iselin Guttormsen, we want to get more people to use condoms when having sex with a new partner and test themselves between sex partners.

Daniel Sørli, medical director at Dr.Dropin, has visited Iselin Guttormsen and discussed the topic. See the full video from the visit in the link below.

Dr Christophers Infection Formula

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